Cloud-RAN Architecture - An Overview
Cloud-RAN (Radio Access Network) is also known as centralized-RAN or
C-RAN. It facilitates the expansion of mobile networks by addressing
issues pertaining to their capacity and coverage. C-RAN reduces
operational expenses and offers better network security. It also makes
the network agile and flexible. Apart from these, Cloud-RAN also enables
software control and management, and network self-configuration.
It does this through SDN - Software Defined Networking, and NVF -
Network Functions Virtualization. China Mobile Communications
Corporation was the initiator of Cloud-RAN network architecture. It
introduced Cloud-RAN in April 2010 at its research institute. The
company estimates total ownership costs to reduce by 30-60 percent due
to the rising adoption of Cloud-RAN.
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Growth Drivers
The Cloud-RAN market was worth USD 1.7 billion in 2013. It is
expected to grow at a CAGR of 45.9% over the next five years. By 2018,
the total market revenues will reach approximately USD 11.5 billion.
Network architectures that support efficient operations, reduced
power consumption, agility, and reliability are indispensible to modern
businesses. Cloud-RAN’s centralized processing greatly reduces the
number of base station sites. Cloud-RAN architecture improves spectrum
efficiency. Its load-balancing capability permits the efficient handling
of non-uniform data traffic.
These advantages are contributing to the growth of the Cloud-RAN
market. Rapid developments in telecommunications technology is also a
critical market driver. The widespread use of tablets and smartphones
all over the world coupled with high broadband penetration also proves
favorable for the market. More than 88% of the North Americans living in
urban areas uses either a smartphone, or a tablet, or both.
Increasing data traffic that generates the need for improved and more
affordable communications network will fuel the market. Mobile data
traffic in the world increased by more than 80% in 2013. By 2018, it is
anticipated to surpass 15.8 exabytes - EBs per month.
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Challenges
Although Cloud-RAN architecture offers considerable savings, it
requires huge initial investments. This is expected to deter the
Cloud-RAN market. Furthermore, its set-up is dependent on the
availability of fiber. Only those players with ample fiber resources can
execute Cloud-RAN architecture on a large scale. This is a key reason
for the restriction of Cloud-RAN deployment in the fiber-rich Korean,
Chinese, and Japanese companies.
To overcome this challenge, market players are targeting various
substitutes offered by communications technology. These include wireless
fronthaul, bi-directional fiber, and CPRI (Common Public Radio
Interface) compression. Players lacking significant fiber footprints
also resort to ‘local centralization.’ This involves centralizing
neighbor base stations within a limited area that requires better
performance triggered by huge data traffic.
Market Segmentation
Components of the Cloud-RAN market include optical transport networks,
remote radio units, servers, processors, baseband units, and test &
measurement equipment. Optical transport networks consisting of
Ethernet, microwave and fiber, will be an important component in the
coming days.
Cloud-RAN services comprise network services, systems integration, and
custom services. Market participants assist in planning, deploying,
maintaining, and enhancing these services.
The worldwide Cloud-RAN market can be divided into five regional
segments. These entail Europe, Middle East & Africa, Asia Pacific,
Latin America, and North America. Emerging economies of Asia Pacific
will generate significant demand in the near future. The wireless
industry in Asia Pacific is highly advanced. Moreover fiber in abundant
supply coupled with dense population lends economic feasibility.
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Competitive Profile
The eminent players in the Cloud-RAN market are Intel Corporation,
Datang Mobile Communications Equipment Company Ltd., ZTE Corporation,
Alcatel-Lucent S.A., and Nokia Siemens Networks (NSN). Agilent
Technologies, Aricent Technologies, Ericsson, Huawei Technologies Co.
Ltd., Hitachi Data Systems, IBM Corporation, Texas Instruments Inc., and
Xilinx Inc., are the other key players.
The industry is characterized by consolidation through acquisitions,
mergers, alliances, partnerships, and joint ventures. This is done with
the intention of gaining market share and staying competitive. In 2013,
Intel Corporation acquired the wireless assets business of Mindspeed
Technologies Inc.. Through this acquisition, it aims to equip mobile
devices with communication capabilities.
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